In orthodontics "aparatología" refers to the various types of appliances used to correct teeth, during and after treatment. They include "aparatología fija", commonly called braces in English:

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparatología_fija_(ortodoncia)
"Dental braces or orthodontic braces are often used in conjunction with other orthodontic appliances to help widen the palate or jaws and to otherwise assist in shaping the teeth and jaws."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_braces

But there are other kinds: "aparatología removible", and "aparatología de retención post-ortodoncia", known as "retainers". The general term for all of them is "appliances".

http://www.zonaortodoncia.com/aparatologia.htm

"Types of Appliances
Orthodontists use a variety of appliances to craft that perfect smile. Each patient has a unique plan mapped out to achieve the desired end result. Patients may need one, none or a combination of orthodontic appliances such as elastics, headgear or an expander to fit their needs."
http://doctorjennifer.com/types-of-appliances.php

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Note added at 22 mins (2012-03-05 11:02:30 GMT)
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So the word "aparatología" in your text applies to treatment ("aplicación de las últimas técnicas en tratamientos dentales") and the "radiologías" and "cámaras" apply to diagnosis ("diagnósticos más precisos").