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Translation Volume: 999999 words Completed: Aug 1995 Languages: English to Chinese
Projects Description (English to Chinese)
It's not interesting to add projects if you have too many records. So I just provide a summary.<br>
<br>
The General Fields and Specific Fields listed above are just randomly selected. In fact most fields were involved in my translation career since 1995.<br>
<br>
Computer, Telecommunications:<br>
<UL>
<LI>Manuals, resources and web pages for dozens of software projects for some small or medium size software companies, personal developers or the government. (Chinese -> English)
<LI>Presentations, manuals and reports from some large international IT or telecom companies, and IT department of some major international companies like IBM, Motorola, Check Point, P&G, etc. (English -> Chinese)
<LI>Some manuals and reports from some telecom companies of various background. (Chinese <-> English)
</UL>
<br>
Machinery, Electric and Electronics, Relevant Industrial Technologies:<br>
<UL>
<LI>Product manuals, production or service procedure documents, project control documents, drawings, reports, specifications, bidding documents from international or various kinds of domestic companies or factories, or some government organizations. (Chinese <-> English)
<LI>Homepages or introduction brochures for some domestic companies or factories. (Chinese -> English)
<LI>Some technical documents from or to Taiwan, Hong Kong or various international markets. (Traditional Chinese <-> English)
</UL>
<br>
Contracts, Business Documents, Financial/Accounting/Tax Documents:<br>
<UL>
<LI>Dozens of contracts and legal documents for a major international client with plenty of legal affairs in China, and some for some other clients. (Chinese <-> English)
<LI>Dozens of contracts, financial/accounting/tax documents / plenty of such contents for a variety of other final clients with such requirements together with their major translation requirements, for their own use, or as integrated parts of their products/services/programs. (Chinese <-> English)
<LI>Some independent reports or commercial documents on finance, tax, accounting, economy. (English <-> Chinese)
<LI>Other business/legal/foreign trade/general-purpose documents/letters required by the clients. (Chinese <-> English)
</UL>
<br>
Others:<br>
<UL>
<LI>A novel (about 300 pages by a famous US novelist). (English -> Chinese)
<LI>Reports from the government or enterprises with state background, mainly on politics, economics, or public services. (Chinese -> English)
<LI>Some science research papers. (Chinese -> English)
</UL>
<br>
Telecom(munications), Mechanics / Mech Engineering, Electronics / Elect Eng
No comment.
Translation Volume: 999999 words Completed: Aug 1995 Languages: Chinese to English
Projects Description (Chinese to English)
It's not interesting to add projects if you have too many records. So I just provide a summary.<br>
<br>
The General Fields and Specific Fields listed above are just randomly selected. In fact most fields were involved in my translation career since 1995.<br>
<br>
Computer, Telecommunications:<br>
<UL>
<LI>Manuals, resources and web pages for dozens of software projects for some small or medium size software companies, personal developers or the government. (Chinese -> English)
<LI>Presentations, manuals and reports from some large international IT or telecom companies, and IT department of some major international companies like IBM, Motorola, Check Point, P&G, etc. (English -> Chinese)
<LI>Some manuals and reports from some telecom companies of various background. (Chinese <-> English)
</UL>
<br>
Machinery, Electric and Electronics, Relevant Industrial Technologies:<br>
<UL>
<LI>Product manuals, production or service procedure documents, project control documents, drawings, reports, specifications, bidding documents from international or various kinds of domestic companies or factories, or some government organizations. (Chinese <-> English)
<LI>Homepages or introduction brochures for some domestic companies or factories. (Chinese -> English)
<LI>Some technical documents from or to Taiwan, Hong Kong or various international markets. (Traditional Chinese <-> English)
</UL>
<br>
Contracts, Business Documents, Financial/Accounting/Tax Documents:<br>
<UL>
<LI>Dozens of contracts and legal documents for a major international client with plenty of legal affairs in China, and some for some other clients. (Chinese <-> English)
<LI>Dozens of contracts, financial/accounting/tax documents / plenty of such contents for a variety of other final clients with such requirements together with their major translation requirements, for their own use, or as integrated parts of their products/services/programs. (Chinese <-> English)
<LI>Some independent reports or commercial documents on finance, tax, accounting, economy. (English <-> Chinese)
<LI>Other business/legal/foreign trade/general-purpose documents/letters required by the clients. (Chinese <-> English)
</UL>
<br>
Others:<br>
<UL>
<LI>A novel (about 300 pages by a famous US novelist). (English -> Chinese)
<LI>Reports from the government or enterprises with state background, mainly on politics, economics, or public services. (Chinese -> English)
<LI>Some science research papers. (Chinese -> English)
</UL>
<br>
Aerospace / Aviation / Space, Advertising / Public Relations, Accounting
Chinese to English: Software Strings 软件字符串 General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Computers: Software
Source text - Chinese {This is a highly professional topic. Mass field conventions are involved. Reviewers should have proper professional background.}
Translation - English {This is a highly professional topic. Mass field conventions are involved. Reviewers should have proper professional background.}
Game parameter error! Error code 114001. Please contact %s!
Printing failed. Please check and troubleshoot the printer and try again.
Unregistration: Ticket password error. This ticket was not found!
Unregistration: Unrecognized ticket data!
Unregistration confirmation failed!
This ticket has already been unregistered! Press any key to return.
Unregistration
You have new notification(s) in the Center.nPlease download it/them or log on again to get the notification(s).
Dial timeout
Network connection
Network connection error. Error code n.
Reconnect?
Disconnect error. Reconnect?
Data reception validation error! Error code n.
Communication: Data transfer failed! Information code n.
Communication: Failure in the Center! Information code n.
Communication: Data transfer failed! Information code n.
The download file %s does not exist. Error code n.
Error in downloading file %s. Error code n.
Error when saving downloaded file %s. Error code n.
Log on: Game validation error! Error code n.
Saving game parameter failed.nGame %s cannot update phase parameter automatically.nTo fix this problem, please log on again manually.
Starting communication program failed.nGame %s cannot update phase parameter automatically.nTo fix this problem, please log on again manually.
Offline
Whether to drop phone connection?
Ticket stock data error. If such error repeats, please restart the betting machine or contact %s.
Sales: Serial number error! Please try again.
Sales: Sales limit has been exceeded by some betting codes!
Sales: Betting code limit validation error in the Center!
Sales: Invalid lottery data!
Sales: Sales phase number error! Please log on again.
Sales: The amount of this ticket exceeds the sales quota for one ticket!
Sales: The sales amount of this phase at this station has exceeded the sales quota for one phase!
Sales: Your account balance at this station cannot support the selling of this ticket!
Unregistration: Error in getting the length of the unregistration data!
Unregistration: Network communication failure!
Unregistration: Ticket password error. This ticked was not found!
Unregistration: This ticket has already been unregistered. It cannot be unregistered again!
Unregistration: Unregistration deadline expired!
Unregistration: The Machine ID of this machine is invalid. No privilege to unregister!
Error in detecting the electronic disk Disk C.
Station information parameter file is corrupt! Please contact %s! Please press Confirm! Wait for 10 seconds and then shut down!
Municipal administration station
Center
Electronic disk failure! Error code %d. Please contact %s! Please press Confirm! Wait for 10 seconds and then shut down!
Scanner initialization failed.
IP address format error in the communication parameter file.
Error in reading parameter file F3.
Please enter the work number to log onto the system.
Please enter the password and press Confirm.
There is no such work number on this machine, or logging onto the hotline system is not allowed right now!
Work number and password do not match. Please enter again!
Please enter the work number!
Skin image file not found! Program halted.
Dial test
Dial test successful!
Dial-up was stopped by force!
Dial timeout!
Dial test failed!
Please wait while download is in progress...
Download error! Error code 113302.
Communication error: Download failed! Error code 113100.
Getting download mark error!
Error in downloading communication parameter file. Error code 113109.
Error in downloading printing font index file. Error code 113113.
Error in downloading printing font file. Error code 113115.
Error in downloading local data parameter file. Error code 113117.
Error in downloading Provincial Center notification file. Error code 113119.
Error in downloading Municipal Center notification file. Error code 113121.
Error in downloading game announcement file. Error code 113123.
Error in downloading file list. Error code 113120.
Error in downloading file %s. Error code 113122.
Download successful! The betting machine need to be restarted!
Queried notification file was not found.
No Lucky game available.
Log on again.nPlease wait.
Getting offline failed. You cannot log on again.
Low battery!nPlease connect to external power or shut down as soon as possible.
No communication method available! Error code 112001. Please contact %s!
Dial-up username and dial-up password were not configured. Please reconfigure and dial again.
No available number to dial. Please reconfigure and dial again.
Please choose a number to dial.
Press Confirm to select number 1.nPress Exit to select number 2.
Download failed.
Download is complete.
Chinese to English: Meteorological Measurement 气象探测 General field: Science Detailed field: Science (general)
Source text - Chinese 摘要：在使用温度脉动仪测量温度结构常数时，平均时间长度的选择会影响其测量结果。通过实际测量数据的分析和讨论，确定平均时间应该为l0s左右，以得到真实可靠的结构常数。由于温度脉动仪在测量时会受到各种因素的影响，为了筛选掉不可靠的测量结果．提出了一种用温度脉动原始数据来对测量结果进行筛选的方法。该方法首先排除了实验纪录中的错误测量数据．其次对于异常的实验数据，如某一层结构常数数据的异常偏大或偏小，需要根据双点温差原始数据的频谱分析来确认数据是否正常，以进一步排除异常的测量结果．尽可能保证用以统计分析的数据真实可靠。
Translation - English Abstract: While measuring temperature structure constants with a micro temperature sensor, choice on the length of mean time can affect measurement results. By analyzing and discussing data from actual measurement, the mean time can be decided to be about 10 seconds, and real and reliable structure constants can be drawn based on it. Since a micro temperature sensor is often affected by various factors at the time of measurement, to filter out unreliable measurement results, a method to filter measured results with the raw data on temperature fluctuation is introduced. The method first eliminates error measurement data from experimental records, then abnormal experimental data, such as abnormally larger or smaller structure constant data at some layer, should be analyzed to decide if it is normal or not based on frequency spectrum analysis on the raw data on double-spot temperature difference, so as to further eliminate abnormal measurement results and make sure the data for statistic analysis is true and reliable whenever possible.
While laser transfers in the atmosphere, there are rises and falls in refractive index caused by atmospheric turbulence, which may further produces effects such as light wave shaking or glimmering, thus laser coherence will be destroyed. The status of the atmosphere, especially the status on atmospheric optical turbulence, should be understood in order to study these effects. Cn2, the refractive index structure constant, is usually a key parameter in describing the intensity for atmospheric optical turbulence.
Chinese to English: Semiconductor Experimental Apparatus 半导体实验装置 General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Mechanics / Mech Engineering
Source text - Chinese 1。放卷机构（带自动纠偏装置）：
本装置由气动离合器，带张力控制的放卷轴，自动纠偏系统等组成。卷材经导辊牵出经自动纠偏后进入浮动张力辊装置。该装置将运行过程中的张力变化通过传感将信号传递给张力控制器。由控制器控制气控阀调节放卷轴气动张力制动器的气压，从而实现张力恒定。
Translation - English 1. Unwinding Structure (with Automatic Deviation-Correcting Device):
This equipment consists of a pneumatic clutch, an unwinding shaft with tension control and an automatic deviation-correcting system. The coiled material is pulled out from the guide roller, and enters the floating tension roller device after automatic deviation-correction. The device will pass tension changes in the mid of running by sensing signal to the tension controller. The controller will then control the air operated valve to adjust the air pressure in the pneumatic tension brake of the unwinding shaft. Thus constant tension can be realized.
2. Coating Floating Roller Tension Structure:
The structure consists of a roller, a low-friction air cylinder, a robotic arm, position sensors, and weight rollers. The floating roller tension system attracts and stores amplitude fluctuation caused by amplitude acceleration, deceleration, instant changes caused by starting shaft during unwinding as well as coating intermission, so its influence on coating can be minimized. The floating roller is loaded by the low-friction air cylinder installed on the robotic arm. It can adjust tension of the substrate by increasing or decreasing the load from the floating roller, so it can keep constant tension on the substrate during the coating procedure, and keep the synchronization in the speed of unwinding and the speed of coating.
Chinese to English: Simulation (Traditional Chinese -> English) 模擬/仿真（繁體中文譯入英文） General field: Science Detailed field: Automation & Robotics
Source text - Chinese 透過小世界與群聚式基調定義的發現，眾多領域的研究者將可充分掌握該領域的真實網路所具有的拓樸與動態特性，並釐清各種相似網路之間的關鍵差異。
Translation - English Through the discovery of small world and the definition of its hub-studded nature, researchers in numerous fields can fully grasp the topological and dynamic characteristics of the true networks in their fields, and clarify the key differences between all kinds of similar networks.
Chinese to English: Spatial Hearing and Virtual Hearing 空间听觉及虚拟听觉 General field: Science
Source text - Chinese 本章论述有关空间听觉及虚拟听觉的基本概念、定义和原理。为避免混乱，首先在1.1节定义了本书采用的坐标系统。然后在1.2节简要地叙述了人类听觉系统的构造与功能，引入了听觉滤波器与临界频带的概念。1.3节给出了空间听觉的基本定义。而在1.4节论述了各种单声源定位的因素及其作用范围。在 1.5节引入了头相关传输函数的定义，并对其定义中双耳声压的测量点进行了讨论。1.6节探讨了多声源合成声像定位问题，给出了低频的合成声像定位公式，并讨论了优先效应和鸡尾酒会效应。1.7节简单介绍了室内声学及室内空间听觉的基本概念。1.8 节在介绍了人工头听觉仿真模型后，讨论了双耳捡拾与重放系统，在此基础上引入了虚拟听觉的基本原理和思路，并将虚拟听觉重放系统和多通路声系统进行了比较。本章是后面各章的基础。
Translation - English This chapter describes the basic concepts, definitions and principles of spatial hearing and virtual hearing. To avoid confusion, first of all, the coordinate system used in this book is defined in section 1.1. Then, section 1.2 gives a brief summary of the structure and function of the human auditory system and introduces the concepts of auditory filter and critical band. The basic definition of spatial hearing is provided in section 1.3. In section 1.4, the factors and their scope of application involved in the localization (positioning) of various single sound sources are discussed. Section 1.5 introduces the definition of head-related transfer function (HRTF), and discusses the measurement points for binaural sound pressure involved in the definition. Section 1.6 discusses the localization of synthetic sound image by multiple sound sources, provides the formula for low-frequency synthetic sound image localization, and discusses the precedence effect and the cocktail party effect. Section 1.7 briefly introduces the basic concepts of room acoustics and room spatial hearing. Section 1.8 first introduces the artificial head hearing simulation model; then discusses the binaural pickup and playback system, and based on which, introduces the basic principles and thoughts of virtual hearing and compares the virtual auditory playback system with a multi-channel sound system. This chapter is the basis for later chapters.
English to Chinese: Pump Manual 泵手册 General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Mechanics / Mech Engineering
Source text - English (b) Oil level
(c) Oil leakage
(d) Vibration of bearing housing
(4) Check and record the following data
(a) Suction pressure and discharge pressure of main pump
(b) Electrical power input for motor
(c) Sound or noise around pump and motor during operation
(5) Since an extreme change of pump operating conditions are the some indications of machine trouble, it is necessary to take advance measurements .For this purpose, keeping a record of operation is absolutely necessary.
4.1.2 Semi-annual inspection
Following inspections shall be recommended to be carried out semi-annually if possible. These inspections consist of both external inspection and internal inspection. Taking pictures is highly recommended as they will be a great help for the of counter measure to remedy the problem.
(1) Inspections in the spiral case
Inspect the wear of the water flow surfaces of spiral case, diffuser ring, diffuser vanes and impeller.
(2) Inspections from inside the suction tube
(a) Inspect the impeller and check for water and/or cavitation damage of the impeller vanes.
(b) Inspect the suction tube liner.
(3) Check and record the seal clearance between impeller and upper casing ring, the clearance of upper casing ring shall be measured through the clearance inspection holes on the head cover.
(4) Check tightness of mounting bolts and nuts and re-tighten if necessary.
4.2 Caution while the pump stops for long periods.
(1) If pump is not operated for a long period, it is recommended to drain water from suction tube to protect the pump casing from corrosion caused by stagnant water.
(2) If water in the suction tube can not be drained operate the pump once (approx.10 min.) a week.
(3) Electrical equipments should be protected against sweating and freezing. Apply a heating system which will keep the temperature of the windings above the dew point of the surrounding air, if necessary.
(4) It is recommended to apply some coat on the shaft to prevent rust during idle condition.
(5) Water in the pipe and oil cooler should be drained, if ambient temperature becomes below freezing point.
(6) Take care that dew on the shaft will not enter into the bearing cover while this condition.
English to Chinese: Printer User's Manual 打印机用户手册 General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Computers: Hardware
Source text - English If the start-up message does not appear, turn OFF the power switch. Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to the M-712 and into an outlet, which has power. Also, verify if the keyboard is properly connected . Power the unit back ON. If the start-up message still does not appear, follow the suggestions in the Troubleshooting Common Problems section (4.7).
Once "MICR READY" appears on the display, you should encode a test document to ensure that you are getting the optimal print performance out of your M-712. This procedure is outlined in the following section.
English to Chinese: Router User's Manual 路由器用户手册 General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Telecom(munications)
Source text - English 1. DHCP Definition
DHCP is the acronym of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It can automate the IP Address allocation in the network. When this protocol is activated, a DHCP server can automatically assign IP addresses to DHCP clients. Also, a DHCP client can automatically obtain its IP address from the DHCP server.
2. DHCP Server in LAN (PLC)
By default, XXX works as a DHCP server and automatically assigns IP addresses to all each client PCs on the LAN (PLC) side.
English to Chinese: Device Management & Fieldbusses 设备管理和现场总线 General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Telecom(munications)
Source text - English Device Management & Fieldbusses
System 800xA provides the possibility to communicate with field devices from the device spectrum of:
• PROFIBUS DP/PA
• HART
• FOUNDATION Fieldbus HSE/H1
PROFIBUS is a standardized, open, digital communication system for all areas of application in manufacturing and process automation. The PROFIBUS Protocol is based in the international standards EN 50170 and IEC 61158. This technology is suitable for replacement of discrete and analog signals. PROFIBUS PA was explicitly specified for process automation.
A PROFIBUS network is linked with an AC 800M controller of an 800xA system via an optionally redundant PROFIBUS communication interface module CI854.
HART is a communication technology based on the conventional analog data technology 4...20 mA. HART defines the communication protocol between intelligent digital field devices and a control system.
HART field devices are connected to System 800xA via S800 and S900 remote I/O modules and AC 800M local I/O modules.
FOUNDATION Fieldbus (FF) is a fieldbus protocol based on international standards and designed for applications in the manufacturing industry, process automation and buildings automation. The guidelines for this fieldbus standard are published by the Fieldbus Foundation.
FF defines two communication profiles, H1 and HSE. The H1 profile is preferably used for direct communication between field devices in one link (H1 link). The HSE profile, which is based on standard Ethernet, serves first and foremost as a powerful backbone for the connection between H1 links, connected via FF linking devices.
Translation - Chinese {Simplified Chinese (localization) - 简体中文（本地化）}
设备管理和现场总线
800xA 系统为通过以下系列设备与现场设备进行通信提供了可能：
• PROFIBUS DP/PA
• HART
• 基金会现场总线 HSE/H1
PROFIBUS 是一种面向制造和过程自动化各方面应用的标准化、开放的数字通信系统。PROFIBUS 协议基于 EN 50170 和 IEC 61158 国际标准。该技术适用于替代离散和模拟信号。PROFIBUS PA 被明确指定用于过程自动化。
English to Chinese: Contract 合同 General field: Law/Patents Detailed field: Law: Contract(s)
Source text - English 1 With the exception of IP Rights of XXX and/or its licensors in XXX Software (including the XXX API), You retain the intellectual property rights You may have in the applications, materials, products or processes You create which are based on or utilize the XXX API. You hereby release and covenant not to hold liable XXX or its Affiliates, or any of their licensees, assigns or successors, for any and all damages, liabilities, causes of action, judgments or claims (a) pertaining to any intellectual property You develop that is based on, uses, or relates to the XXX API; and (b) which otherwise may arise in connection with Your use of, reliance on, or reference to the XXX API. As between You and XXX, XXX and its licensors retain the IP Rights in and to the XXX Software (including the XXX API) and any derivative works thereto created by or for XXX or its licensors.
2 No Removal of Notices. You agree that You will not remove, obscure, make illegible or alter any notices or indications of the IP Rights and/or XXX’s rights and ownership thereof, whether such notice or indications are affixed on, contained in or otherwise connected to any materials.
3 No waiver. The failure of XXX at any time or times to require performance of any provisions hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same unless the same is explicitly waived in writing and signed by XXX.
4 You expressly acknowledge that you have read this agreement and understand the rights, obligations, terms and conditions set forth herein. By clicking on the accept button and/or continuing to install the XXX software, you expressly consent to be bound by its terms and conditions and grant to XXX the rights set forth herein.
English to Chinese: Economic News 经济新闻 General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Economics
Source text - English Economy Grows Nearly 1% in Europe
With France and Germany leading the way, the economy in the 12 nations that use the Euro currency grew at its fastest quarterly rate since 2000, a development that is expected to fortify the resolve of the European Central Bank to raise interest rates again this year.
The gross domestic product of the nations grew 0.9 percent from April to June compared with the previous quarter, Eurostat, the statistics agency of the European Union, reported Monday. Growth has recently mostly reflected strong exports, but the latest figure received a lift from business investment and consumers whose reluctance to spend has been the hallmark of the slow recovery.
The German economy, where households have been the most tightfisted, also grew 0.9 percent.
“Domestic demand is doing its job, finally,” said Erik Nielsen, chief Europe economist with Goldman Sachs. “We finally have a little drive from something other than exports, which is good.”
The data broadly confirmed figures released by various countries over much of the last week, most recently France on Friday. Though overall growth is accelerating in the Euro region, it is uneven, with France growing at a rate of 1.1 percent to 1.2 percent in the quarter, and Italy lagging at 0.5 percent.
The precise details of the growth pattern are not yet available, but economists said that data on retail sales in Germany points toward strong consumption, as does a fall in unemployment. Business confidence surveys, though they have come off their peaks of earlier this year, are still in line with strong growth.
“The situation on the labor market has noticeably improved,” said Michael Glos, the German economics minister. “Therefore, the prospects for the year are exceptionally positive.”
The European Commission on Monday raised its estimate for growth in the third quarter to 0.5 percent to 0.9 percent, slightly higher than it projected in July.
But the commission cut its forecast to a range of 0.4 percent to 0.9 percent for the fourth quarter, a period when many economists said they expected the softening economy in the United States to drag on European growth.
English to Chinese: Aortic Surgery 主动脉手术 General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical: Cardiology
Source text - English Among all surgical procedures, morbidity associated with surgery of the thoracic aorta is among the highest, with complication rates of up to 30% to 40%.
Although virtually every organ system is at risk during aortic surgery, the brain and the spinal cord are particularly vulnerable because of their low tolerance for ischemia.
This is particularly significant, as injury to the nervous system may result in remarkable long-term morbidity.
Over the past 50 years, many advances have helped reduce the morbidity of thoracic aortic surgery; among these is neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring (NIOM).
NIOM has been used increasingly in thoracic aortic surgery in an attempt to decrease neurologic morbidity.
Surgery on the ascending aorta and aortic arch frequently involves temporary suspension of blood flow in the cerebral vessels, whereas descending aortic surgery may be complicated by ischemia of not only the spinal cord but also the brain.
Consequently, NIOM may be useful during all types of thoracic aortic surgery.
However, since different parts of the nervous system are at risk with different procedures, it is important to understand aortic anatomy as well as the procedure being performed in order to design the most appropriate NIOM paradigm.
In this chapter, after a short overview of relevant anatomy, a brief description of the common thoracic aortic diseases and their surgical treatment is presented.
Thereafter, various NIOM modalities commonly used during thoracic aortic surgery are discussed, followed by a review of available data regarding their utility.
CLINICAL ANATOMY
The aorta arises from the left ventricular outflow tract at the level of the aortic annulus and terminates where it divides into two common iliac arteries in the pelvis.
The initial part of the aorta, called the aortic root, contains the aortic annulus and valve leaflets, the sinuses of Valsalva and the origins of the left and right coronary arteries.
Contiguous to the aortic root is the tubular ascending aorta, which begins at the sinotubular junction and ascends posterolaterally, forming the aortic arch.
From right to left, the brachiocephalic (innominate), left common carotid and left subclavian arteries arise directly from the arch.
The brachiocephalic artery ascends and divides into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries.
Numerous anatomic variations of arch anatomy exist, the most common of which are the innominate and left common carotid arteries arising from a common trunk (so-called bovine arch variant), the left vertebral artery arising directly from the aortic arch (rather than the left subclavian artery) and an aberrant right subclavian artery arising from the distal arch beyond the origin of the left subclavian artery and passing from left to right through the posterior mediastinum behind the esophagus.
These anatomic variations may have clinical implications for cerebral protection during aortic arch surgery as discussed later in the chapter.
Distal to the left subclavian artery, the aorta progresses inferiorly to form the descending thoracic aorta.
Once the descending thoracic aorta passes through the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm, it becomes the abdominal aorta.
Together the thoracic and abdominal aortas are called the thoracoabdominal aorta.
From the descending thoracic aorta arise esophageal, bronchial and intercostal arteries.
From the intercostal arteries arise radicular arteries that supply blood to the spinal cord.
They are discussed later in relation to the blood supply of the spinal cord.
The most important of the radicular arteries is the arteria radicularis magna (ARM), also known as the artery of Adamkiewicz.
The ARM usually arises from a left-sided intercostal artery between the T8 and L2 levels and is responsible for supplying the lower part of the anterior spinal cord (see later).
However, the existence of the ARM has been questioned, and it has been suggested that spinal cord perfusion is supported by an extensive collateral network rather than a single prominent branch of the descending thoracic aorta (1).
I am a full-time freelance translator working between Chinese and English. Chinese is my native language, while English is a language I have been working with intensively for decades since my childhood. My favorite practice is providing extensive, quality and one-stop services for a small group of clients in limited fields.
I started part-time translation service in 1995, and full-time service in 2002.
I focus on providing premium-quality translation for customers who really need it and are ready to pay for it.
Language pairs
Simplified Chinese (Mandarin) / Traditional Chinese (Mandarin) -> English
English -> Simplified Chinese (Mandarin) / Traditional Chinese (Mandarin)
Simplified Chinese (Mandarin) <-> Traditional Chinese (Mandarin, for Taiwan market)
If a text is clearly targeted ONLY at the Hong Kong market, or is targeted ONLY at the Taiwan market but out of my fields, please find a local translator/linguist, otherwise you can count on my version.
（面向普通主题，及下文所述专业方向提供中（简体、台湾繁体）英互译，及专业简繁转换服务）
Typical fields of translation/editing/proofreading
1) Technical: IT, (tele)communications, machinery, electric and electronics and relevant industrial technologies;
2) Localization and internalization: Software localization and internalization, website localization and internalization (general or in a field of my expertise);
3) Business/legal: Contracts, other business documents, general legal documents such as certificates; now I also take jobs in the field of finance;
4) General topics, such as but not limited to tourism, real estate.
If a text is clearly targeted ONLY at the Hong Kong market, or is targeted ONLY at the Taiwan market but out of my fields, please find a local translator/linguist, otherwise you can count on my version.
Rates may vary for projects simple in nature, at large volume or with special requirements.
Reasonable payment schedule is required.
Payment Methods
Suggested payment methods: Payoneer (credit card) and bank transfer are suggested for international clients. PayPal is not suggested, but also acceptable as the last means at a somewhat higher rate. If you pay CNY, WeChat and AliPay are convenient.
CET-4: Excellent - top level
CET-6: Excellent - top level
TOEFL: Full score in Structure
Translations
Experienced technical translator (Chinese-English) with focuses on IT, (tele)communications, machinery, electric and electronics, automobile and relevant industrial technologies. Besides, I also translate business documents such as company profiles, contracts, certificates, training books, conference schedules, financial/tax/accounting documents, as well as materials on general topics.
Hundreds of successful deliveries since 1995.
Typical clients included giants such as Cisco, UN (United Nations), IBM, Motorola, P&G, Lockheed Martin, Siemens, Nokia, Sony, GE, Check Point, Bosch, Schneider, Huawei, SAP, Saint-Gobain as well as governmental organizations and hundreds of other SME and personal clients. More than half of my translations were related to sciences, technologies and industries, but I also accept translation jobs on other topics from established clients.
Source Languages Other Than Chinese/English
I am now exploring some new source languages as a personal interest. Please understand, however, I have no specific plan to accept real jobs from any of these new source languages into Chinese or English at this time. My working languages are still Chinese and English.
CV/More Details
I have placed most important information I guess you may want to know in this "About me" section. A more detailed CV (actually my service book) is available for logged-in users.
Some samples can be found in the Portfolio section of this profile (last updated in January 2009). Some more samples from English to Simplified Chinese and from English to Traditional Chinese are available upon request.
Contact
You can contact me with a method after "Contact:" at the head of this page, or just send an email to:
lbtranslation at 126 dot com AND mailhxh at aliyun dot com
Old clients, if you can speak clear English or Chinese, can also try to call me in emergent situation with the cell phone number you can get in my early emails or CV (but not at late night in Beijing time).
This user has earned KudoZ points by helping other translators with PRO-level terms. Click point total(s) to see term translations provided.
Member since Aug '06
lbone 
Expertise 
positive
